Informed Skin

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Sources: PubMed · Cochrane · ASPS · peer-reviewed dermatology journals

1,068 papers cited

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Procedure type

Ingredient type

Ingredients & Products

ProductsOTC Drug (US FDA); Cosmetic (EU)
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationDark SpotsLoss of Collagen

Zinc Oxide Sunscreen

Non-nano zinc oxide (ZnO) broad-spectrum mineral filter

The safest, best-evidenced daily UV filter. First choice for everyone.

Medical Promise

10/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

151010OUT OF 10

Definitely try

Duration

Daily use; lifelong prevention

Studies

600+

Avg. cost

$15-$45 / 50 ml

Top-rated products

Sensitive Mineral Sunscreen Stick SPF 50Blue Lizard

93

Water Resistant Sunscreen SPF 50Pipette

93

Adventure Mineral Sunscreen Cream SPF 50Badger

93

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC (retinol); Rx (tretinoin/retinoic acid)
Fine Line WrinklesSkin LaxityCrepey NeckLoss of CollagenHyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore Size

Retinol

Vitamin A (retinol / retinaldehyde)

The gold-standard anti-ageing topical

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15109OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; results in 12–24 weeks

Studies

400+

Avg. cost

$20–$180 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Granactive Retinoid 2% in SqualaneThe Ordinary

100

Clinical 1% Retinol TreatmentPaula's Choice

Resurfacing Retinol SerumCeraVe

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore SizeAcneLoss of Collagen

Niacinamide

Nicotinamide (vitamin B3)

Barrier repair, pore minimising, and brightening

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15109OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; results in 8–12 weeks

Studies

150+

Avg. cost

$10–$60 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Niacinamide SerumGood Molecules

100

Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1%The Ordinary

PM Facial Moisturizing LotionCeraVe

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsLoss of CollagenFine Line WrinklesSkin Laxity

Vitamin C

L-ascorbic acid / ascorbyl derivatives

Antioxidant brightening and collagen support

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; visible brightening in 8–12 weeks

Studies

200+

Avg. cost

$25–$180 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Skin Renewing Vitamin C SerumCeraVe

100

A-OXitive Antioxidant Defense SerumAvene

100

C E FerulicSkinCeuticals

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsRx (15–20% gel); OTC in EU at ≤10%
AcneHyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore Size

Azelaic Acid

Azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid)

Rosacea, acne, and melasma with a strong safety profile

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Twice daily; results in 4–12 weeks

Studies

120+

Avg. cost

$15–$70 / 30 g

Top-rated products

Azelaic Acid Suspension 10%The Ordinary

10% Azelaic Acid BoosterPaula's Choice

Redness Relief SolutionThe INKEY List

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsPrescription drug (US); Rx required (EU)
Fine Line WrinklesSkin LaxityCrepey NeckLoss of CollagenHyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore SizeAcne

Tretinoin

All-trans retinoic acid (prescription vitamin A)

Prescription-strength retinoid with the strongest evidence base

Medical Promise

10/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; visible results in 12–24 weeks; full benefit at 6–12 months

Studies

500+

Avg. cost

$15–$80 / tube (varies widely by country)

Top-rated products

Retin-A Cream 0.025%Valeant

Altreno Lotion 0.05%Ortho Dermatologics

Tretinoin Cream (generic)Various manufacturers

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC Drug (US FDA Category I acne treatment); Cosmetic (EU)
AcnePore SizeHyperpigmentationDark Spots

Salicylic Acid

Beta-hydroxy acid (BHA)

Oil-soluble exfoliant that clears pores from inside out

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily or alternate-day use; visible improvement in acne in 4–8 weeks

Studies

300+

Avg. cost

$8–$40 / product

Top-rated products

Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid ExfoliantPaula's Choice

Salicylic Acid 2% SolutionThe Ordinary

SA Smoothing CleanserCeraVe

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenAcne

Ceramides

Ceramide NP, AP, EOP (sphingolipid lipids)

Barrier repair and moisture-retention for compromised skin

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; barrier improvement noticeable in 2–4 weeks

Studies

150+

Avg. cost

$12–$60 / moisturiser

Top-rated products

Moisturizing CreamCeraVe

Hydrating SerumBYOMA

100

Ceramidin CreamDr. Jart+

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
AcneLoss of CollagenFine Line Wrinkles

Centella Asiatica

Madecassoside / asiaticoside (pennywort extract)

Anti-inflammatory botanical for barrier repair and scar healing

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; visible improvement in 4-8 weeks

Studies

19+

Avg. cost

$12-$35

Top-rated products

Centella Unscented Recovery CreamPURITO

Cicapair Tiger Grass CreamDr. Jart+

Centella Asiatica Calming TonerSKIN1004

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationLoss of Collagen

Ferulic Acid

Trans-ferulic acid (hydroxycinnamic acid)

Antioxidant booster that stabilises and amplifies vitamins C and E

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily AM use; photoprotection benefit is immediate; anti-aging results in 8-12 weeks

Studies

14+

Avg. cost

$20-$55

Top-rated products

C E FerulicSkinCeuticals

Phloretin CFSkinCeuticals

Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%The Ordinary

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
HyperpigmentationDark Spots

Alpha Arbutin

Alpha-arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside)

Tyrosinase inhibitor for brightening without hydroquinone risks

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Twice daily; visible brightening in 6-12 weeks

Studies

2+

Avg. cost

$8-$30

Top-rated products

Alpha Arbutin 2% + HAThe Ordinary

Bright Boost Illuminating SerumNeutrogena

Dark Spot DiminisherNaturium

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC (0.1%) / Rx (0.3%)
AcneFine Line WrinklesPore SizeHyperpigmentation

Adapalene

Adapalene (third-generation synthetic retinoid)

OTC retinoid with strong acne data and emerging anti-aging evidence

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily PM use; acne improvement in 4-12 weeks; anti-aging in 12-24 weeks

Studies

30+

Avg. cost

$10-$35

Top-rated products

Differin Gel 0.1%Galderma

Adapalene Gel 0.1%La Roche-Posay

ProactivMD Adapalene Gel 0.1%Proactiv

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
AcneLoss of CollagenFine Line Wrinkles

Panthenol

Dexpanthenol (provitamin B5)

Humectant and barrier-repair agent that accelerates skin healing

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; barrier improvement in 1-2 weeks

Studies

10+

Avg. cost

$6-$20

Top-rated products

Cicaplast Baume B5+La Roche-Posay

Bepanthen Sensiderm CreamBayer

Panthenol Cica Barrier CreamCOSRX

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC; concentrations >10% may require Rx depending on jurisdiction
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore SizeLoss of Collagen

AHA Exfoliants

Glycolic acid / lactic acid / mandelic acid

Chemical exfoliation for texture and tone

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily/alternate-day use; results in 4–8 weeks

Studies

180+

Avg. cost

$15–$90 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Glycolic Acid 7% Toning SolutionThe Ordinary

Skin Perfecting 8% AHA Gel ExfoliantPaula's Choice

Glycolic Renewal Smoothing LotionDermalogica

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesSkin LaxityLoss of Collagen

Hyaluronic Acid (topical)

Sodium hyaluronate / hyaluronic acid

Hydration, plumping, and barrier support

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; surface plumping within hours; collagen benefits in 8+ weeks

Studies

100+

Avg. cost

$15–$100 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Mega Moisture Magnet Hyaluronic Acid SerumLATHER

100

Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5The Ordinary

Hydrating Hyaluronic Acid SerumCeraVe

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC Drug (US FDA Category I); OTC Cosmetic (EU varies by concentration)
Acne

Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO)

Antibacterial OTC acne treatment with no resistance risk

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; acne reduction visible in 4–8 weeks

Studies

400+

Avg. cost

$6–$25 / product

Top-rated products

Acne Foaming Wash 10%PanOxyl

On-the-Spot Acne Treatment 2.5%Neutrogena

Effaclar Duo Acne Spot TreatmentLa Roche-Posay

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenHyperpigmentationDark Spots

Bakuchiol

Bakuchiol (meroterpene phenol from Psoralea corylifolia)

Plant-derived retinol alternative for sensitive skin

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; results visible in 8–12 weeks

Studies

20+

Avg. cost

$20–$80 / serum

Top-rated products

Bakuchiol Retinol Alternative SerumHerbivore

YouthRestoration Bakuchiol Face SerumBeauty by Earth

Goodnight Glow Retin-ALT Sleeping CremeOle Henriksen

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient (topical); Rx (oral, off-label for melasma)
HyperpigmentationDark Spots

Tranexamic Acid

Tranexamic acid (TXA)

Emerging topical and oral treatment for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Topical: daily use, results in 8-12 weeks; oral: 3 months

Studies

60+

Avg. cost

$15-$80 serum (topical); $30-$60/month (oral Rx)

Top-rated products

Discoloration Correcting SerumGood Molecules

Clearly Corrective Dark Spot SolutionKiehl's

Even Tone Super Glow SerumTopicals

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC (2%) / Rx (4%)
HyperpigmentationDark Spots

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene)

Gold-standard depigmenting agent for melasma and dark spots

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Twice daily for 8-12 weeks; cycles recommended

Studies

19+

Avg. cost

$8-$45

Top-rated products

Tri-Luma Cream (4% HQ)Galderma

Admire My Skin Dark Spot Corrector (2% HQ)Admire My Skin

Ambi Skincare Fade Cream (2% HQ)Ambi

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
HyperpigmentationDark Spots

Kojic Acid

Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyranone)

Fungal-derived tyrosinase inhibitor for pigmentation and melasma

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Twice daily; results in 4-12 weeks

Studies

3+

Avg. cost

$10-$28

Top-rated products

Kojic Acid Dipalmitate CreamMarie Veronique

Dark Spot & Tone Correcting TreatmentSkinMedica

Kojic Acid Brightening PeelPlatinum Skin Care

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesAcneHyperpigmentation

Green Tea Extract

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

Polyphenol antioxidant with UV-protective and anti-inflammatory activity

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; results in 8-12 weeks

Studies

8+

Avg. cost

$10-$30

Top-rated products

Green Tea Seed SerumInnisfree

Superfood CleanserYouth to the People

Antioxidant Day CreamMad Hippie

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
AcnePore Size

Tea Tree Oil

Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil

Natural antimicrobial for mild-to-moderate acne with benzoyl peroxide-comparable efficacy

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Twice daily; improvement in 4-8 weeks

Studies

6+

Avg. cost

$5-$18

Top-rated products

Tea Tree OilThe Body Shop

AC Clean Up Spot PatchEtude House

Special Tea Tree OilThursday Plantation

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
AcnePore Size

Zinc (Topical)

Zinc gluconate / zinc PCA / zinc pyrithione

Anti-inflammatory mineral that reduces sebum and supports wound healing

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Daily use; results in 4-8 weeks

Studies

14+

Avg. cost

$8-$22

Top-rated products

Zinc Face WashDermalogica

Zinc & Niacinamide SerumThe Ordinary

Zinc Oil-Free MoisturiserFacetheory

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC Drug; FDA requested additional safety data for 12 chemical filters (2019)
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationDark SpotsLoss of Collagen

Chemical SPF Filters

Organic UV absorbers (oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, etc.)

Effective UV protection but several filters show systemic absorption and endocrine signals

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily use

Studies

400+

Avg. cost

$4-$35 / 50 ml

Top-rated products

Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40Supergoop!

Ultra Fluid SPF 50+La Roche-Posay Anthelios

Invisible Fluid SPF 50Avene

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenSkin LaxityCrepey Neck

Peptides

Signal, carrier & neurotransmitter-inhibiting peptides

Cell-signalling collagen and elastin support

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily use; results in 8–16 weeks

Studies

80+

Avg. cost

$30–$200 / 30 ml

Top-rated products

Vita Boost SerumCOMUNE

100

Multi-Peptide + Copper Peptides 1% SerumThe Ordinary

Peptide 36 Eye TreatmentPeter Thomas Roth

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsPrescription drug (US iPLEDGE program required); Rx (EU)
AcnePore Size

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Oral 13-cis-retinoic acid

Prescription oral retinoid for severe or cystic acne, highly effective, heavily monitored

Medical Promise

10/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

3/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

4-6 month course; remission often permanent

Studies

600+

Avg. cost

$200-$800/month (brand); $30-$150/month (generic)

Top-rated products

Absorica (isotretinoin capsules)Sun Pharma

Claravis (isotretinoin capsules)Teva

Isotretinoin capsules (generic)Various manufacturers

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsFDA-approved diuretic; off-label for acne (not approved for this indication)
Acne

Spironolactone

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

Off-label oral anti-androgen for hormonal acne in adult women

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily oral; improvement in 3-6 months; ongoing use required

Studies

80+

Avg. cost

$10-$40/month generic

Top-rated products

Spironolactone 25mg/50mg/100mg tablets (generic)Various manufacturers

AldactonePfizer

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenHyperpigmentation

Resveratrol

Trans-resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene)

Polyphenol antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and collagen-protective properties

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily use; results in 8-12 weeks

Studies

14+

Avg. cost

$15-$45

Top-rated products

Resveratrol 3% + Ferulic Acid 3%The Ordinary

Vine[activ] Night Detox OilCaudalie

Resveratrol B ESkinCeuticals

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC cosmetic ingredient
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of Collagen

Coenzyme Q10

Ubiquinone / ubiquinol

Mitochondrial antioxidant that declines with age; topical supplementation for wrinkle depth

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily use; visible improvement in 8-12 weeks

Studies

10+

Avg. cost

$12-$40

Top-rated products

Q10 Power Anti-Wrinkle + Firming Night CreamNIVEA

CoQ10 SerumMad Hippie

Good Genes All-in-One Lactic Acid TreatmentSunday Riley

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC (FDA monograph active)
AcnePore Size

Sulfur

Precipitated sulfur / colloidal sulfur

Keratolytic and antimicrobial for acne and rosacea, especially sensitive skin

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily or alternate-day use; improvement in 4-8 weeks

Studies

10+

Avg. cost

$8-$25

Top-rated products

Sulfur Therapeutic MaskPeter Thomas Roth

Drying LotionMario Badescu

Sulfur Spot TreatmentKate Somerville

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →
ProductsOTC Drug (US FDA); Cosmetic (EU); Banned as food additive E171 (EU, 2022)
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationDark SpotsLoss of Collagen

Titanium Dioxide Sunscreen

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) mineral UV filter

Effective UVB filter with open safety questions. Zinc oxide is the cleaner choice.

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

Daily use

Studies

300+

Avg. cost

$12-$40 / 50 ml

Top-rated products

UV Physical Broad-Spectrum SPF 41EltaMD

Mineral Matte Screen SPF 40Supergoop!

Mineral Ultra-Light Sunscreen SPF 50CeraVe

via EWG Skin Deep

Full briefing →

Procedures

NeuromodulatorsFDA Approved (2002)
Fine Line Wrinkles

Botox

OnabotulinumtoxinA

Temporarily relaxes muscles to reduce dynamic wrinkles

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15109OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

3–4 months

Studies

2,400+

Avg. cost

$300–$600

Full briefing →
NeuromodulatorsFDA Approved (2009)
Fine Line Wrinkles

Dysport

AbobotulinumtoxinA

Faster-spreading neuromodulator suited to broader treatment areas

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

3–4 months

Studies

1,200+

Avg. cost

$300–$550

Full briefing →
Chemical PeelsFDA Regulated
AcneDark SpotsPore Size

Glycolic Acid Peel

Alpha Hydroxy Acid Peel (20–70%)

Entry-level peel improving texture, tone, and mild pigmentation with minimal downtime

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

4–6 weeks

Studies

1,100+

Avg. cost

$150–$400/peel

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA-cleared (PicoSure, PicoWay)
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore Size

Picosecond Laser

Picosecond-domain Nd:YAG / Alexandrite laser

Ultra-short pulse laser for pigmentation, melasma, and skin revitalisation

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15108OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

3-6 sessions, 2-4 weeks apart; results visible after 2 sessions

Studies

8+

Avg. cost

$400-$800/session

Full briefing →
NeuromodulatorsFDA Approved (2022)
Fine Line Wrinkles

Daxxify

DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm

Peptide-stabilised neuromodulator with notably extended duration

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

6–9 months

Studies

450+

Avg. cost

$500–$900

Full briefing →
Dermal FillersFDA Approved (2013)
Volume LossSagging Jowls

Juvederm Voluma

Hyaluronic Acid Filler (Vycross)

High-lift HA filler for mid-face volume and cheek projection

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

12–18 months

Studies

900+

Avg. cost

$800–$1,400/syringe

Full briefing →
Dermal FillersFDA Approved (2015)
Volume LossSagging JowlsCrepey Neck

Restylane Lyft

Hyaluronic Acid Filler (NASHA)

Larger-particle HA filler for cheeks, nasolabial folds, and hands

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

9–12 months

Studies

1,100+

Avg. cost

$650–$1,100/syringe

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsFDA Approved (2006)
Volume LossLoss of CollagenSagging Jowls

Radiesse

Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA)

Dual-action CaHA biostimulator providing immediate volume and long-term collagen induction

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

12–18 months

Studies

500+

Avg. cost

$700–$1,200/syringe

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA Cleared (510k)
Fine Line WrinklesSkin LaxityHyperpigmentationAcne

CO₂ Laser

Ablative CO₂ Laser Resurfacing

Gold-standard ablative laser for significant texture and wrinkle correction

Medical Promise

9/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

3/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

4/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

3–5 years

Studies

1,800+

Avg. cost

$2,000–$6,000

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA Cleared (510k)
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationDark SpotsAcne

Fraxel Dual

Fractional Non-Ablative Laser (1550/1927nm)

Fractional laser targeting texture, pigmentation, and fine lines with lower downtime

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

12–18 months

Studies

750+

Avg. cost

$1,200–$2,500/session

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA Cleared (510k)
Fine Line WrinklesHyperpigmentationAcne

Erbium:YAG Laser

Ablative 2940nm Laser Resurfacing

Precise ablative laser with less thermal injury than CO₂, suited to darker skin tones

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

2–4 years

Studies

600+

Avg. cost

$1,500–$4,000

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA 510(k)-cleared devices (e.g. SkinPen)
Fine Line WrinklesAcnePore SizeLoss of CollagenHyperpigmentationDark SpotsSkin Laxity

Microneedling

Percutaneous Collagen Induction (PCI)

Controlled micro-injury to trigger collagen induction and skin renewal

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

30-60 min per session; 3-6 sessions recommended

Studies

200+

Avg. cost

$200-$700 per session

Full briefing →
Chemical PeelsFDA Regulated
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsFine Line WrinklesAcne

TCA Peel

Trichloroacetic Acid Peel (20–35%)

Medium-depth peel for pigmentation, fine lines, and acne scarring

Medical Promise

8/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

6–12 months

Studies

800+

Avg. cost

$400–$900/peel

Full briefing →
SkinboostersCE Marked; FDA Cleared (some formulations)
Fine Line WrinklesSkin Laxity

Restylane Skinboosters

Stabilised HA Microinjections (NASHA)

Microinjections of stabilised HA to improve skin hydration and surface elasticity

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

6 months

Studies

260+

Avg. cost

$600–$1,100/session

Full briefing →
RF & EnergyFDA-cleared (multiple devices)
AcneFine Line WrinklesLoss of Collagen

LED Light Therapy

Photobiomodulation (red 630nm / blue 415nm / NIR 830nm)

Non-invasive light-based treatment for acne, collagen, and inflammation

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

10/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

2-3x/week for 4-8 weeks; maintenance ongoing

Studies

3+

Avg. cost

$50-$150/session or $100-$600 home device

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA-cleared (Q-switched Nd:YAG platform)
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsPore Size

Laser Toning

Low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064nm

Gentle, repeated laser passes for melasma and overall skin tone

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

6-10 sessions, weekly; maintenance every 1-2 months

Studies

14+

Avg. cost

$200-$500/session

Full briefing →
Dermal FillersAutologous tissue (no FDA product approval needed)
Volume LossSkin LaxityFine Line Wrinkles

Fat Grafting

Autologous fat transfer / lipofilling

Your own harvested fat re-injected for natural volume restoration

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15107OUT OF 10

Probably okay to try

Duration

Single session; 40-60% fat survival at 12 months

Studies

20+

Avg. cost

$2,500-$7,000

Full briefing →
Dermal FillersFDA Approved (2011)
Fine Line Wrinkles

Belotero Balance

Cohesive Polydensified Matrix HA

Soft-tissue integration filler suited to fine lines and perioral area

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

6–9 months

Studies

350+

Avg. cost

$500–$900/syringe

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsCE Marked (EU/UK)
Skin LaxityLoss of CollagenCrepey Neck

Profhilo

Stabilised High-Concentration HA Bioremodeler

Ultra-high HA concentration remodels skin laxity without adding volume

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

6 months

Studies

200+

Avg. cost

$700–$1,200/session

Full briefing →
Skin ResurfacingFDA 510(k)-cleared devices
HyperpigmentationDark SpotsFine Line WrinklesLoss of Collagen

IPL Photofacial

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL / BBL)

Broadband light targeting pigmentation, redness, and photoageing

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

20-45 min; 3-5 sessions recommended

Studies

150+

Avg. cost

$300-$600 per session

Full briefing →
RF & EnergyFDA Cleared (510k)
Skin LaxitySagging JowlsLoss of CollagenAcne

Morpheus8

Fractional RF Microneedling

Delivers radiofrequency energy via microneedles to remodel subdermal tissue

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

12–18 months

Studies

250+

Avg. cost

$800–$2,000/session

Full briefing →
RF & EnergyFDA Cleared (510k)
Skin LaxitySagging JowlsCrepey Neck

Thermage FLX

Monopolar Radiofrequency

Single-session monopolar RF for non-invasive skin tightening, no needles

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

1–2 years

Studies

310+

Avg. cost

$2,500–$5,000/session

Full briefing →
RF & EnergyFDA Cleared (510k)
Skin LaxitySagging Jowls

Ultherapy

Micro-focused Ultrasound with Visualisation (MFU-V)

Ultrasound energy targeting SMAS layer for brow and neck lifting

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

12–18 months

Studies

280+

Avg. cost

$2,000–$4,500/session

Full briefing →
Chemical PeelsFDA Regulated
HyperpigmentationAcneDark Spots

Jessner's Peel

Resorcinol / Salicylic Acid / Lactic Acid Combination

Superficial-to-medium depth combination peel suited to acne, melasma, and photodamage

Medical Promise

6/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

3–6 months

Studies

400+

Avg. cost

$250–$600/peel

Full briefing →
SkinboostersCE Marked
Fine Line WrinklesSkin Laxity

Juvederm Hydrate

High-concentration Microinjectable HA

Smooth-particle HA microinjections for facial skin hydration and quality improvement

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15106OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

6 months

Studies

180+

Avg. cost

$550–$950/session

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsFDA Approved (2004)
Volume LossLoss of CollagenSagging Jowls

Sculptra

Poly-L-lactic Acid (PLLA)

Collagen-stimulating biostimulator for gradual volume restoration

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

4/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

2–3 years

Studies

600+

Avg. cost

$900–$1,600/vial

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsNot FDA-approved for aesthetic use; blood draw components are FDA-regulated
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenSkin LaxityAcneDark Spots

PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma)

Autologous platelet-rich plasma

Your own growth factors re-injected to stimulate collagen and tissue repair

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

45-90 min; 3 sessions recommended 4-6 weeks apart

Studies

100+

Avg. cost

$500-$1,500 per session

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsFDA-approved (2015) for submental fat reduction
Volume LossSagging Jowls

Kybella

Deoxycholic acid (ATX-101)

FDA-approved injectable fat dissolution for submental fullness

Medical Promise

7/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

4/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

20-30 min; 2-6 sessions needed; permanent fat reduction

Studies

150+

Avg. cost

$1,200-$3,000 per session

Full briefing →
SkinboostersCE Marked
Fine Line WrinklesSkin LaxityLoss of Collagen

Nucleofill

Polynucleotide (PDRN/PN) Skin Booster

Polynucleotide biostimulator promoting tissue regeneration and hydration from below

Medical Promise

4/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

9/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

4–6 months

Studies

90+

Avg. cost

$400–$800/session

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsNot FDA-approved (available in EU/Asia)
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenSkin Laxity

Polynucleotides (PDRN)

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (salmon-derived DNA fragments)

Injectable biostimulator using DNA fragments to promote tissue repair and hydration

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

8/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15105OUT OF 10

Probably wait for more data

Duration

3-4 sessions, 2-4 weeks apart; results from 4-8 weeks

Studies

4+

Avg. cost

$300-$700/session

Full briefing →
RF & EnergyFDA 510(k)-cleared (PDO suture material); not specifically approved for lifting indication
Skin LaxitySagging JowlsCrepey NeckLoss of Collagen

PDO Thread Lift

Polydioxanone absorbable suture threads

Mechanical lifting with collagen stimulation via absorbable sutures

Medical Promise

5/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

6/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15104OUT OF 10

Probably don't do it

Duration

30-90 min; results 6-18 months

Studies

80+

Avg. cost

$1,500-$4,500 per session

Full briefing →
BiostimulatorsNot FDA-approved; FDA warning letters issued (2024)
Fine Line WrinklesLoss of CollagenSkin Laxity

Exosome Therapy

Extracellular vesicle / exosome topical or injection

Emerging regenerative treatment using cell-derived signalling vesicles

Medical Promise

4/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

7/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

5/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15104OUT OF 10

Probably don't do it

Duration

Single or series of 3 sessions; early data only

Studies

9+

Avg. cost

$800-$2,500/session

Full briefing →
Dermal FillersNOT FDA-approved for facial soft tissue augmentation; silicone oil used off-label
Volume LossFine Line WrinklesSagging Jowls

Permanent Silicone Filler

Liquid injectable silicone (LIS) / PDMS

Permanent, irreversible filler with high late-complication rates, avoid

Medical Promise

3/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

3/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

1/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15101OUT OF 10

Probably don't do it

Duration

Permanent, cannot be reversed

Studies

50+

Avg. cost

$500-$2,000 per session (misleadingly low for permanent risk)

Full briefing →
LipolyticsNOT FDA-approved; compounded formulations are unregulated
Volume LossSagging Jowls

Unlicensed Fat Dissolving Injections

Phosphatidylcholine / deoxycholate (non-Kybella formulations)

Compounded or unregulated fat-dissolving solutions with serious injury risk

Medical Promise

2/10

Strength of clinical evidence of efficacy

Short-term Safety

2/10

Higher is safer

Long-term Safety

2/10

Higher is safer

Should You Try This?

15101OUT OF 10

Probably don't do it

Duration

Effects may be permanent, necrosis risk

Studies

30+

Avg. cost

$200-$800 per session

Full briefing →

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